This article (p. 99) describes an ESBP syllabus planning framework useful in determining what differentiates the many ESBP courses from each other and how to categorise them. Potentially useful in the pre-course phase, when the teacher needs to decide which course model s/he wants to apply.

Navigating between course types:

(full descriptions of all 4 models start on page 106 of the article)

 The author also identifies 5 levels of course evaluation: (i) Level 1 the reaction level: at this level of training evaluation, the participants are often asked to comment on various aspects of the training event itself such as the attributes of the trainer, the method of presentation, the quality of the venue and handouts. This is sometimes called in the industry, a ‘happy sheet’. (ii) Level 2 the learning level: at this level of training evaluation, the participants are tested on the content of the course as evidence that knowledge, skills and, in the case of language learning, language proficiency have improved. (iii) Level 3 the performance level: at this level of training evaluation, the participants are assessed on how they are able to apply or transfer what they have learned on the course to their jobs. (iv) Level 4 the results level: at this level of training evaluation, the results of the training are related to general organizational improvement. Kirkpatrick (1994) suggests looking at areas such as staff turnover, absenteeism and morale of employees for evidence. (v) Level 5 the return on investment (ROI): at this level of training evaluation, an accounting formula is used to calculate if there has been any financial ‘payback’ on the training.